Treatment options and recommendations depend on several factors, including the type and stage of the tumor, possible side effects, and the patient’s preferences and overall health. Kidney tumor is more often treated with surgery, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy are occasionally used. They are several treatments for kidney tumor:

• Surgery

Surgery is the removal of the tumor and surrounding tissue during an operation. If the tumor has not spread beyond the kidneys, surgery to remove the tumor, part or all of the kidney, and possibly nearby tissue and lymph nodes, may be necessary. The types of surgery used for kidney tumor include the following procedures:

• Radical nephrectomy

Radical nephrectomy is a surgery to remove the tumor, the entire kidney and surrounding tissue. Other than that, if the tissue and surrounding lymph nodes are also affected by the disease, a radical nephrectomy and lymph node dissection is performed.

• Partial nephrectomy

Partial nephrectomy is usually used for small tumor which is surgical that remove the tumor while preserving kidney function and lowering the risk of kidney disease after surgery called hyper filtration injury.

• Laparoscopic and robotic surgery

Laparoscopic surgery is the surgeon makes several small incisions rather than the one larger incision in the abdomen used during a traditional surgical procedure. Then, telescoping equipment is inserting into these small, keyhole incision to remove the kidney completely or perform as partial nephrectomy.

• Radiofrequency ablation

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is the use of a needle inserted into the tumor to destroy the tumor with an electric current. The patient is sedated and given local anesthesia to numb the area.

• Cryoablation

Cryoablation is the freezing if tumor cells with a metal probe inserted through a small incision. The metal probe is placed into the tumor tissue using a CT scan and ultrasound for guidance.

• Targeted therapy

Targeted therapy is a treatment that targets the tumor specific genes, proteins, or the tissue environment that contributes to tumor growth and survival. This type of treatment blocks the growth and spread of tumor cells while limiting damage to healthy cells. These drugs are becoming more important in the treatment of kidney tumor.

Anti-angiogenesis therapy is a type of targeted therapy used in kidney tumor treatment. It is for stopping angiogenesis, which is the process of making new blood vessels. Because a tumor needs the nutrients delivered by blood vessels to grow and spread, the goal of anti-angiogenesis therapies is to starve the tumor.

• Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy also called as biologic therapy, is designed to boost the body’s natural defenses to fight the tumor. It uses materials made either by the body or in a laboratory to improve, target, or restore immune system function. Alpha-interferon is a type of immunotherapy used to treat kidney tumor that has spread. Interferon appears to change the protein on the surface of the tumor cells and slow their growth.

• Radiation therapy

Radiation therapy is the use of high-energy x-rays or other particles to destroy tumor cells. Radiation therapy is not considered to be effective as a primary treatment for kidney tumor. It is used alone only rarely to treat kidney tumor because of the high rate of damage that it causes to the healthy kidney. The most common type of radiation treatment is call external-beam radiation therapy, which is radiation therapy is given from a machine outside the body. Other than that, when the radiation treatment is given using implanting it is called internal radiation therapy. For kidney tumor the radiation therapy is given using a hollow needle to insert radioactive seeds directly into a tumor. These treatments also have side effects such as fatigue, mild skin reactions, upset stomach, and loose bowel movements.

• Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to destroy tumor cells, usually by stopping the tumor cells ability to growth and divide. Systemic chemotherapy is delivered through the bloodstream to reach cancer cells throughout the body. Common ways to give chemotherapy include an intravenous (IV) tube placed into a vein using a needle or in a pill or capsule that is swallowed (orally). Chemotherapy schedule usually consists of a specific number of cycles given a set period of time. The side effects of chemotherapy depend on the individual and the dose used, but can include fatigue, risk of infection, nausea and vomiting, hair loss, loss of appetite, and diarrhea. These side effects usually go away once treatment is finished.

KIDNEY TUMOR TREATMENT

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